QR Code Security: How Safe Are They and How to Avoid Risks

QR codes have become a part of everyday life — they’re used in advertising, payments, registration, events, and even banking. Despite their simplicity, versatility, and speed, the security of QR codes remains a very relevant concern. This is especially true as their use has extended far beyond digital business cards.

In practice, QR codes are safe — if used correctly. However, careless use can expose users to various risks, particularly when interacting with fake or malicious codes.

What Types of QR Codes Exist and Which Are Safer?

There are two main types of QR codes:

• Static QR codes – cannot be edited after creation. They are generated using free tools and are suitable for one-time use (e.g., business cards, links, Wi-Fi access). The risk is minimal since the content is fixed.

• Dynamic QR codes – contain a short link leading to an external page. These codes can be edited without changing the image itself. They carry more potential risk if accessed by malicious actors. However, only the account owner in the generator platform can edit the content.

Common QR Code-Related Threats

1. Phishing (QRishing)

Scammers create fake QR codes that redirect to fake websites mimicking banks, social networks, or email platforms. The user’s entered data (logins, passwords, banking details) is stolen.

2. Malware Distribution

Scanning an unknown QR code can automatically download a malicious app. Android devices are especially vulnerable due to the open system architecture.

3. Fake Sites and Directories

Scammers pose as utility providers or contest organizers and distribute QR codes leading to fake sites. The user enters personal data and loses money. This type of fraud has been widely reported in China and parts of Europe.

How to Protect Yourself: 5 Key Tips

1. Check the QR Code's Placement

Be cautious: stickers can be tampered with or replaced. If the code looks suspicious, ask about its origin or contact the relevant staff.

2. Inspect the Link Address

If scanning a code redirects you to a website, make sure the domain looks official and that it has an SSL certificate (lock icon in the browser address bar).

3. Be Careful with Shortened Links (e.g., bit.ly)

Shortened URLs can hide malicious destinations. If you see a bit.ly link, verify its source using click tracking tools.

4. Don’t Enter Personal Info on Unverified Sites

Never enter logins, passwords, or banking info on websites you were redirected to from suspicious QR codes.

5. Use Reliable Scanner Apps

Choose trusted apps with built-in safety features like link verification. Some antivirus apps can also detect malicious QR codes.

How QR Codes Can Improve Security

1. Two-Factor Authentication

Many platforms (banks, social networks) use QR codes as part of two-factor login systems — scanning the code acts as an added layer of protection.

2. Secure Payments

Services like Apple Pay, Sberbank, and Tinkoff allow secure, card-free payments via QR codes, reducing the risk of compromised payment data.

QR codes aren’t just a convenience — they can be a security risk if used carelessly. But by following basic precautions, verifying links, and using trusted solutions, QR codes can become a powerful and secure tool.